N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester is a synthetic dipeptide that has been shown to produce positive nootropic and cognitive effects in animal models (0.01-0.8 mg/kg) by a mechanism similar to other related racetam compounds. It can rescue neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from amyloid-induced cytotoxicity, indicating a potential application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.It also demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which have been examined in the context of an anti-diabetic agent. This compound was recently identified in illegal designer herbal products distributed in Japan and is intended for research and forensic purposes only.

Nooglutil exhibits pharmacologically significant competition with a selective agonist of AMPA receptors ([G-3H]Ro 48-8587) for the receptor binding sites (with IC50 = 6.4 +/- 0.2 microM), while the competition of noopept for these receptor binding sites was lower by an order of magnitude (IC50 = 80 +/- 5.6 microM) [1]. GVS-111 significantly increased neuronal survival after H(2)O(2)-treatment displaying a dose-dependent neuroprotective activity from 10 nM to 100 microM, and an IC(50) value of 1.21+/-0.07 microM. GVS-111 inhibited the accumulation of intracellular free radicals and lipid peroxidation damage in neurons treated with H(2)O(2) or FeSO(4), suggesting an antioxidant mechanism of action